Bridging developmental state and entrepreneurial state theory: A typology of startup policies’ incumbent firm benefits

Developmental state literature primarily focuses on the state’s (evolving) direct relationship with large incumbent firms. This article bridges developmental and entrepreneurial theories by employing an open innovation logic. We study Japan (1991-2021) as archetypal state; we hand coded 83 startup policies a corpus of media coverage policies’ launch events performance for how policymakers speak about ways in which strive to involve benefit Our typology strategic “access” benefits firms are: (1) access innovative capacity, ideas (2) talent.